A daring account of Black Seminole warrior, chief, and diplomat John Horse and the route he forged on the

Underground Railroad to gain freedom for his people

John Horse (c. 1812–1882, also known as Juan Caballo) was a famed chief, warrior, tactician, and diplomat

who played a dominant role in Black Seminole affairs for half a century. His story is central to that of the Black

Seminoles—descendants of Seminole Indians, free Blacks, and escaped slaves who formed an alliance in

Spanish Florida. A political and military leader of mixed Seminole and African heritage, Horse defended his

people from the US government, other tribes, and slave hunters.

A Man Called Horse focuses on the little-known life of Horse while also putting into historical perspective the

larger story of Native Americans and especially Black Seminoles, helping to connect the missing “dots” in this

period. After fighting during the Second Seminole War (1835–1842), one of the longest and most costly Native

American conflicts in US history, Horse negotiated terms with the federal government and later became a

guide and interpreter. Forced to relocate, he led a group of Black Seminoles to find a new home, first heading

westward to Texas and later to Mexico.

Turner worked with descendants of Horse, who provided oral histories as well as many photographs and

other artifacts. Her expertly researched and vetted biography depicts Horse as a complex, fascinating figure

who served in many varied roles, including as a counselor of fellow Seminole leaders, an agent of the US

government, and a captain in the Mexican army. But no matter the part he played, one thing remained constant:

whether in battle or at the negotiating table, Horse fought tirelessly to help his people survive. The story of John

Horse is a tale of daring, intrigue, and the lifelong quest for freedom.